MIL-STD-1553 is a military standard for digital time-division multiplexed serial data bus systems. It defines the communication protocol for avionics and other military systems, ensuring reliable data transfer between components in harsh environments.

Soft IP cores are pre-designed, synthesizable blocks of logic or functionality that can be integrated into a custom hardware design. Unlike hard IP cores, they are flexible, can be modified, and are implemented using HDL (Hardware Description Language).

A charge controller regulates the flow of electricity from a power source (like solar panels) to a battery, preventing overcharging or deep discharge. It ensures optimal battery health, longevity, and energy efficiency.